Chinese New Year Defined:
Just what is Chinese New Year? There's actually a lot more to it than lion dances and firecrackers, although these two pieces of tradition are integral and more visible, Chinese New Year to China is like Christmas to the West. In essence, Chinese New Year is spending time with family, gift giving and, the all important, food-fest.
While Americans, if we're lucky may get Christmas Eve day and Christmas Day off, and Europeans may take a whole week holiday, Chinese New Year festivities officially last for fifteen days. Businesses and factories usually only take about one week off.

Just how do the Chinese people spend time during the fifteen days of celebration? Find out by reading the Chinese New Year Traditional Calendar of Events.


When is Chinese New Year?
This year, 2007, New Year's Day falls on Sunday, February 18. Officially, the seven days from February 18 through Saturday, February 24, are holidays. Employees will work on Saturday, February 17 and Sunday, February 25 to achieve the straight seven-day holiday. This means that offices and factories are closed and shops and banks may have limited hours. But generally, aside from New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, most everything and certainly tourist sites, are open.
Still have questions about openings and closings? Read answers to those questions about Traveling During Chinese New Year.


History of Chinese New Year:
Chinese New Year celebrations have their origin with end-of-harvest celebrations when people would offer thanks to gods for good harvests and entreaty for a good crop in the following year. Although they varied according to the different calendars used, the customs were formalized under Han Dynasty (206BC-AD 25) rule.
Varied festivals around god worship, sacrifice and celebration held at the end of the winter season and at the beginning of the spring were unified under the Han Dynasty rulers and consolidated, with their adoption of the formal Taichu calendar, to the first day of the first lunar month. During the economically prosperous and politically stable Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), celebrations around the New Year blossomed. Traditional customs around superstitions and worship gradually became means for people simply to celebrate and enjoy time with their families.


This Year, 2007, the Year of the Boar (Pig):
2007 brings us the Year of the Red Fire Pig ending a twelve-year cycle on the Chinese calendar. Supposedly, Pig Years are playful and fun but according to the Nation's 2007 Outlook the world might be in for a tough year. If you'd like to look up your specific forecast, check out this astrology site.

What's Your Sign? Chinese Zodiac:
The Lunar Calendar
Lunar Years:
A lunar year is made up of twelve months with twenty-nine and a half days in each month. Every two and a half months an additional month is added creating a lunar leap year. The beginning of each lunar month is marked by the New Moon on a Western calendar.

Le chocolat

Le chocolat est un aliment issu de la fève de cacao. C'est un ingrédient courant populaire dans de nombreuses confiseries, glaces, biscuits, tartes, gâteaux et desserts.

Le chocolat est obtenu par la fermentation, la torréfaction, et le séchage des fèves amères provenant du cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao) originaire d'Amérique centrale.

Le mot chocolat vient très probablement de la langue nahuatl parlée dans le Mexique central, bien qu'il ait pu avoir été influencé par les langues mayas. Une théorie communément admise voudrait que ce mot vienne du mot nahuatl xocolatl, dérivé du xocolli, amer, et atl, l'eau.réf. nécessaire D'autre part, le philologue mexicain Ignacio Davila Garibi a proposé que les Espagnols aient inventé le mot en prenant le mot maya chocol et en remplaçant le mot maya pour l'eau haa, par le mot aztèque atl.réf. nécessaire Mais cette théorie suppose que les conquistadors aient changé des mots indigènes de deux langues très différentes, tout en adoptant des centaines de mots de ces mêmes langues réelles ; un scénario improbable.

Dans un article récent, les linguistes Karen Dakin et Søren Wichmann ont montré que dans beaucoup de dialectes nahuatl le mot est chicolatl, plutôt que chocolatl. En outre, beaucoup de langues au Mexique, telles que Popoluca, Mixtèque et Zapotèque, et même des langues parlées aux Philippines ont emprunté cette forme du mot.
Le nom latin du genre botanique du cacaoyer, "Theobroma", signifie "Nourriture des Dieux".

Chocolat noir
Le chocolat noir, aussi appelé chocolat fondant ou chocolat amer, est le chocolat proprement dit. C'est le mélange de cacao et de sucre. Pour pouvoir être appelé "Chocolat", il doit contenir au minimum 34% de cacao. En dessous, on parle de "Confiserie chocolatée". Le besoin en sucre dépend de l'amertume de la variété de cacao utilisée. Il connaît un renouveau de consommation depuis le début des années 90 même s'il reste moins consommé que le chocolat au lait.

Chocolat non sucré
Le chocolat non sucré est de la pâte de cacao pure sans addition de sucre.

Chocolat au lait
Le chocolat au lait est du chocolat qui est obtenu en ajoutant du lait en poudre ou du lait concentré. Il contient moins de 40% de cacao. La loi américaine exige une concentration minimum de 10% de cacao. Les règlementations européennes indiquent un minimum de 25% de cacao. Certaines enseignes de luxe comme Michel Cluizel proposent des chocolats au lait jusqu'à 45%. Il est aussi calorique que le chocolat noir (moins gras mais plus sucré). Pendant longtemps, il a été beaucoup plus apprécié et consommé.

Chocolat blanc
Le chocolat blanc est une préparation à base de beurre de cacao, additionné de sucre, de lait et d'arôme, sans aucune composante solide de cacao. Il est surtout utilisé en confiserie pour jouer sur le contraste des couleurs.

Chocolat de couverture
Le chocolat de couverture est un chocolat de très bonne qualité qui est utilisé par les chocolatiers et les pâtissiers comme matière première. Il peut être noir ou au lait mais il contient au moins 32% de beurre de cacao ce qui le rend très fluide pour réaliser un enrobage plus fin qu'un enrobage classique.

Valentine’s Past

Like Christmas, Easter, Halloween, New Year’s and other holidays of this world, St. Valentine’s Day is another attempt to “whitewash” perverted customs and observances of pagan gods and idols by “Christianizing” them.
As innocent and harmless as St. Valentine’s Day may appear, its traditions and customs originate from two of the most sexually perverted pagan festivals of ancient history: Lupercalia and the feast day of Juno Februata.
Celebrated on February 15, Lupercalia (known as the “festival of sexual license”) was held by the ancient Romans in honor of Lupercus, god of fertility and husbandry, protector of herds and crops, and a mighty hunter—especially of wolves. The Romans believed that Lupercus would protect Rome from roving bands of wolves, which devoured livestock and people.
Assisted by Vestal Virgins, the Luperci (male priests) conducted purification rites by sacrificing goats and a dog in the Lupercal cave on Palatine Hill, where the Romans believed the twins Romulus and Remus had been sheltered and nursed by a she-wolf before they eventually founded Rome. Clothed in loincloths made from sacrificed goats and smeared in their blood, the Luperci would run about Rome, striking women with februa, thongs made from skins of the sacrificed goats. The Luperci believed that the floggings purified women and guaranteed their fertility and ease of childbirth. February derives from februa or “means of purification.”
To the Romans, February was also sacred to Juno Februata, the goddess of febris (“fever”) of love, and of women and marriage. On February 14, billets (small pieces of paper, each of which had the name of a teen-aged girl written on it) were put into a container. Teen-aged boys would then choose one billet at random. The boy and the girl whose name was drawn would become a “couple,” joining in erotic games at feasts and parties celebrated throughout Rome. After the festival, they would remain sexual partners for the rest of the year. This custom was observed in the Roman Empire for centuries.

First Man Called Valentine

But who was the original Valentine? What does the name Valentine mean?
Valentine comes from the Latin Valentinus, which derives from Valens—“to be strong, powerful, mighty.” The Bible describes a man with a similar title: “And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the Lord” (Gen. 10:8-9). He was said to have hunted with bow and arrow.
As mentioned, the Romans celebrated Lupercalia to honor the hunter god Lupercus. To the Greeks, from whom the Romans had copied most of their mythology, Lupercus was known as Pan, the god of light. The Phoenicians worshipped the same deity as Baal, the sun god. Baal was one of many names or titles for Nimrod, a mighty hunter, especially of wolves. He was also the founder and first lord of Babel (Gen. 10:10-12). Defying God, Nimrod was the originator of the Babylonian Mystery Religion, whose mythologies have been copied by the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Romans and a multitude of other ancient peoples. Under different names or titles—Pan, Lupercus, Saturn, Osiris—Nimrod is the strong man and hunter-warrior god of the ancients.
But what does the heart symbol have to do with a day honoring Nimrod/Valentine?
The title Baal means “lord” or “master,” and is mentioned throughout the Bible as the god of pagans. God warned His people not to worship or even tolerate the ways of Baal (Nimrod). In ancient Chaldean (the language of the Babylonians), bal, which is similar to Baal, meant, “heart.” This is where the Valentine heart symbol originated.
Now notice the name Cupid. It comes from the Latin verb cupere, meaning “to desire.” Cupid was the son of Venus, Roman goddess of beauty and love. Also known as Eros in ancient Greece, he was the son of Aphrodite. According to myth, he was responsible for impregnating numerous goddesses and mortals. Cupid was a child-like archer (remember, Nimrod was a skilled archer). Mythology describes Cupid as having both a cruel and happy personality. He would use his invisible arrows, tipped with gold, to strike unsuspecting men and women, causing them to fall madly in love. He did not do this for their benefit, but to drive them crazy with intense passion, to make their lives miserable, and to laugh at the results.
Many of the gods of the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Assyrians and others were modeled after one man—Nimrod.
But what does this have to do with us today? Why should we be concerned with what happened in the past?